III.B - ZOA - Formy a účinky liekov. Zásady podavania liekov

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Formy a účinky liekov. Zásady podavania liekov

21. 2. 2010

1. formy liekov:

a) Tuhé:

-tablety (tabulettae)

-dražé ( tabulettae abductace)

-pastilky (pastilli)

-pilulky (pilulae)

-kapsuly, tobolky (capsulae)

-zrnká (granula)

-prášky (pulveres)

b) Polotuhé:

-masti (unguenta)

-pasty (pastace)

-krémy (cremores)

-čapíky (suppositoria)

-pošvové gulôčky (globuli vaginales)

-mazivá (linimenta)

-náplasti (emplastra)

c) Tekuté:

-kvapky(guttae)

-sirup

-suspenzie

-roztoky (solutiones)

-zmasi (mixturae)

-vytažky (extraca)

-tinktúry (tincturae)

-čaje (species)

2.účinky liekov:

Učinok lieku je hlavná a očakávaná reakcia po podaní lieku

Vedlajší účinok lieku je nežiadúci, neočakávaný, pre pacienta aj nepríjemný

Toxický účinok je pre organizmus škodlivý

Lieková alergia je imunologická reakcia na liek

- najzávažnejšia je anafilaktický šok a vzniká hned po podaní lieku

3.Spôsoby podávania liekov:

a)enterálne: liek sa vstrebáva zo sliznice tráviaceho systému

-sublingválne-pod jazyk

-perorálne-peros-do úst

-rektálne-per rectum

b)parenterálne- mimo tráviaceho traktu

4.zásady podávania liekov:

-za podanie lieku je právne zodpovedná sestra

-riadime sa inštrukciami sestry

-lieky podávame 3 krát denne

-vždy si umyjeme pred podaním liekov ruky

-nenechávame lieky bez dozoru

-postaráme sa o vhodný nápoj na zapitie liekov

-podávaniu lieku venujeme dostatočný čas a pozornost

-overíme si totožnost pacienta

-po podaní lieku sledujeme jeho účinok

-kontrolujeme pacientov stolík, či si lieky neodkladá

-pacient užije lieky v našej prítomnost

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